Numerical control machine tools are high-precision and high-efficiency automated machine tools, and daily maintenance and upkeep are crucial. Here are some precautions:

1、 Mechanical component maintenance

Machine tool appearance cleaning

After work every day, clean the chips and coolant on the surface of the machine tool. If chips accumulate for a long time, they may enter the moving parts of the machine tool, affecting its accuracy and service life. For example, chips entering the guide rail will exacerbate the wear of the guide rail. Tools such as brushes and cloths can be used for cleaning.

Regularly (recommended once a week) clean the appearance of the machine tool, including protective covers, operation panels, etc. For areas contaminated with oil, an appropriate amount of cleaning agent can be used to wipe them, but it is important to avoid the cleaning agent from entering the interior of the machine tool.

Guide rail maintenance

The guide rail is a key component that ensures the precise movement of various parts of the machine tool. Regularly (every 1-2 weeks) check the lubrication condition of the guide rail to ensure that the oil level in the guide rail lubrication tank is sufficient. If the oil level is insufficient, it will increase the friction between the guide rail and the slider, affecting the motion accuracy of the machine tool.

Check the surface of the guide rail for any damage, such as scratches, wear, etc. Minor scratches can be repaired by sanding with fine sandpaper, while severe wear requires contacting maintenance personnel for handling.

Screw rod maintenance

The accuracy of the screw directly affects the positioning accuracy of the machine tool. Regularly (every 2-3 months) check the axial clearance of the screw rod. If there is excessive clearance, it can be eliminated by adjusting the pre tensioning device at both ends of the screw rod.

Keep the screw clean and lubricated to prevent the surface of the screw from being contaminated with chips and dust. When cleaning the screw, use a clean soft cloth to wipe it, and then apply an appropriate amount of specialized screw lubricant.

Spindle maintenance

The spindle is one of the core components of a machine tool. Check the operation sound of the spindle every day to see if it is normal. If there is any abnormal noise, it may be a signal of bearing damage or other mechanical failure.

Regularly (every 3-6 months) check the accuracy of the spindle, including radial runout and axial displacement. If the accuracy exceeds the allowable range, adjustments or repairs are required. At the same time, it is necessary to regularly replace the lubricating grease of the spindle to ensure good lubrication of the spindle.

2、 Electrical system maintenance

Electrical cabinet maintenance

The electrical components inside the electrical cabinet have high environmental requirements. Keep the electrical cabinet clean and dry to prevent dust and moisture from entering. Desiccant can be placed inside the electrical cabinet and replaced regularly (monthly).

Regularly (every 3-6 months) check whether the wiring inside the electrical cabinet is loose and whether all electrical components are working properly. For loose wiring, it should be tightened in a timely manner, and for faulty electrical components, they should be replaced in a timely manner.

Motor maintenance

The motors of machine tools include spindle motors, feed motors, etc. Regularly (every 3-6 months) check the heat dissipation of the motor to ensure that the cooling fan of the motor is working properly. If the heat dissipation is poor, the motor may be damaged due to overheating.

Check the insulation resistance of the motor. If the insulation resistance is too low, it may cause a short circuit in the motor. In general, the insulation resistance should not be less than 0.5 megohms.

System parameter backup and inspection

Regularly (monthly) backup the system parameters of the machine tool to prevent parameter loss in case of system failure. You can use a USB flash drive or other storage devices for backup.

Check whether the system parameters have been mistakenly modified, especially those related to machine accuracy, motion speed, etc. If abnormal parameters are found, they should be restored to the correct parameter settings in a timely manner.

3、 Maintenance of hydraulic and pneumatic systems

Hydraulic system maintenance

Regularly (weekly) check the oil level of the hydraulic oil tank. If the oil level is too low, it will cause the hydraulic pump to empty, affecting the normal operation of the hydraulic system. At the same time, it is necessary to check the quality of the hydraulic oil, such as color, transparency, etc. If the hydraulic oil is found to have deteriorated, it should be replaced in a timely manner.

Check if the pressure of the hydraulic system is normal. Excessive or insufficient pressure may cause damage to hydraulic components. The pressure can be monitored through the pressure gauge of the hydraulic system. When the pressure is abnormal, it is necessary to check whether the hydraulic pump, relief valve and other components are working properly.

Pneumatic system maintenance

Check whether the pressure of the compressed air source is stable, and generally maintain it within the specified pressure range (such as 0.4-0.6MPa). Unstable pressure can affect the normal operation of pneumatic components.

Regularly (every 1-2 weeks) inspect pneumatic components such as cylinders, solenoid valves, etc. to see if there are any air leaks. For minor air leaks, they can be resolved by replacing the seals; For components with severe air leakage, they should be replaced in a timely manner.

4、 Maintenance of coolant system

Coolant level and quality inspection

Check the coolant level in the tank daily to ensure it is within the normal range. Low liquid level can lead to poor cooling effect, affecting the machining quality of tools and workpieces.

Regularly (every 1-2 weeks) check the quality of the coolant, such as concentration, acidity, etc. If the coolant deteriorates, it will corrode machine parts and tools, and should be replaced in a timely manner.

Maintenance of coolant filtration system

The function of the coolant filtration system is to filter out chips and impurities, ensuring the cleanliness of the coolant. Regularly (weekly) check whether the filter is clogged, and if any blockage is found, clean or replace the filter in a timely manner.